---

Update (Feb 26, 2018):
If your BlueZ version is 5.48 or higher, you can skip Step 1 since the Advertising Manager is marked as stable In BlueZ 5.48. (To update BlueZ, please see this post. )

---

 

The purpose of this post is to run an example code of Bluetooth Low Energy Advertisement from BlueZ source code (i.e. “example-advertisement“) on Raspberry Pi running Raspbian Stretch.

Here are the contents of this post.

Contents
– Assumptions
– Steps
1. Enable Experimental Flag for BlueZ
2. Download Example Code
3. Execute Example Code
4. Verify
– Troubleshoot
– Summary

Assumptions
Here are some assumptions before start. Please refer this in case it’s not ready.

• Raspbian Stretch (2017-09-07) running on Raspberry Pi 3 B+ or Raspberry Pi Zero W.
• Internet access

 

Steps
1. Enable Experimental Flag for BlueZ
The example code uses LEAdvertisingManager1 interface which is still experimental in BlueZ 5.43 (pre-installed version in Raspbian Stretch (2017-09-07)). So, the experimental flag for BlueZ needs to be enabled.

1-1. Open the configuration file for bluetooth service.

sudo nano /lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service

1-2. Find a line starting with “ExecStart” and add “–experimental” at the end of the line (Line 9 in the example below). Then save and close the file.

[Unit]
Description=Bluetooth service
Documentation=man:bluetoothd(8)
ConditionPathIsDirectory=/sys/class/bluetooth

[Service]
Type=dbus
BusName=org.bluez
ExecStart=/usr/libexec/bluetooth/bluetoothd --experimental
NotifyAccess=main
#WatchdogSec=10
#Restart=on-failure
CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE
LimitNPROC=1
ProtectHome=true
ProtectSystem=full

[Install]
WantedBy=bluetooth.target
Alias=dbus-org.bluez.service

1-3. Reboot the system to enable the change.

sudo reboot

 

2. Download Example Code
2-1. Download BlueZ 5.43.

wget www.kernel.org/pub/linux/bluetooth/bluez-5.43.tar.xz

2-2. Extract the file.

tar xvf bluez-5.43.tar.xz

The advertising example code “example-advertisement” is in “test” directory.

$ ls -l bluez-5.43/test/example-advertisement 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 pi pi 5774 Sep 26  2016 bluez-5.43/test/example-advertisement

 

3. Install Requisite

3-1. Update package list

sudo apt-get update

3-2. Install dbus and gobject

sudo apt-get install python-dbus python-gobject -y

 

4. Execute Example Code
4-1. Execute BLE advertising example code.

python ./bluez-5.43/test/example-advertisement 

4-2. Check the output. If everything is fine, it should be like this:

$ ./bluez-5.43/test/example-advertisement
GetAll
returning props
Advertisement registered

In case you get the error below, see Troubleshoot section.

$ python ./bluez-5.43/test/example-advertisement
LEAdvertisingManager1 interface not found

 

5. Verify
You can use smartphone apps to verify if it’s really advertising. The image below is a screen capture of “LightBlue” app running on iPhone.

“stretch0907” is my Raspberry Pi’s host name. Advertisement data can be configured by modifying the example code.

 

Troubleshoot

LEAdvertisingManager1 interface not found

The error above occurs most likely because the experimental flag for bluez is not enabled. You can check it using “ps” command by typing:

ps aux|grep blue

If it’s enabled, you can see the flag (i.e. “–experimental”) after the process path like this.

root       498  0.3  0.4   7268  3856 ?        Ss   13:43   0:00 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd --experimental

In case the flag is not there (like below), please go back to step 1 and enable the flag.

root       540  0.0  0.3   7268  3704 ?        Ss   11:52   0:00 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd

 

Summary
Now, Raspberry Pi is acting as BLE advertiser by running the BlueZ example code. Also, it can be easily a BLE beacon such as Apple’s iBeacon by modifying the code. Please refer this post to create iBeacon with BlueZ.